Artificial objects on the Moon

Luna 2

Artificial objects on the Moon

Ranger 4
The Ranger fleet of spacecraft launched in the mid-sixties provided for the first time live television transmissions of the Moon from lunar orbit. These transmissions resolved surface features as small as 10 inches across and provided over 17,000 images of the lunar surface. These detailed photographs allowed scientists and engineers to study the Moon in greater detail than ever before thus allowing for the design of a spacecraft that would one day land men of Earth on its surface.


Ranger 7

The Ranger fleet of spacecraft launched in the mid-sixties provided for the first time live television transmissions of the Moon from lunar orbit. These transmissions resolved surface features as small as 10 inches across and provided over 17,000 images of the lunar surface. These detailed photographs allowed scientists and engineers to study the Moon in greater detail than ever before thus allowing for the design of a spacecraft that would one day land men of Earth on its surface.


Luna 5 USSR Luna lander bus (NASA)


Luna 7 USSR Luna lander bus (NASA)
Luna 8
Ranger 8 The Ranger fleet of spacecraft launched in the mid-sixties provided for the first time live television transmissions of the Moon from lunar orbit. These transmissions resolved surface features as small as 10 inches across and provided over 17,000 images of the lunar surface. These detailed photographs allowed scientists and engineers to study the Moon in greater detail than ever before thus allowing for the design of a spacecraft that would one day land men of Earth on its surface.


Ranger 9 The Ranger fleet of spacecraft launched in the mid-sixties provided for the first time live television transmissions of the Moon from lunar orbit. These transmissions resolved surface features as small as 10 inches across and provided over 17,000 images of the lunar surface. These detailed photographs allowed scientists and engineers to study the Moon in greater detail than ever before thus allowing for the design of a spacecraft that would one day land men of Earth on its surface.



Luna 9
Luna 10


Luna 13 USSR Luna lander bus (NASA)
Surveyor 1
Lunar Orbiter 1


Explorer 35 (IMP-E)

Interplanetary Monitoring Platform-E (IMP-E) other Name Explorer 35


Apollo 10 LM descent stage

line drawing of lunar module spacecraft


Luna 15
Apollo 12 LM descent stage

"Bean Descends Intrepid". Alan L. Bean, Lunar Module pilot for the Apollo 12 mission, starts down the ladder of the Lunar Module (LM) "Intrepid" to join astronaut Charles Conrad, Jr., mission Commander, on the lunar surface.


Luna 16 descent
stage

Luna 17 & Lunokhod 1
Apollo 13 S-IVB (S-IVB-508)

Oggetto

Apollo 7 S-IVB rocket stage in Earth orbit on October 11, 1968. The photograph was taken as the crew practices rendezvous techniques that would be needed for the later lunar flights.

Cape Canaveral and Merritt Island, Florida, can be seen beyond the left side of the lower end of the S-IVB. The mission was launched from Pad 34 at Cape Canaveral.

The S-IVB stage was used as a second stage for Saturn IB launches and as the third stage for Saturn V launches. On Saturn V flights the four Spacecraft/LM Adapter panels would be jettisoned to allow access to the Lunar Module.


Apollo 15 Lunar Rover
Luna 21 & Lunokhod 2
Luna 24 descent stage
Hiten Orbiter (Hagoromo)
Lunar Prospector
Moon Impact Probe

Early thermal weapons

Early thermal weapons were devices or substances used in warfare during the classical and medieval periods (approx 8th century BC until the mid-16th century AD) which used heat or burning action to destroy or damage enemy personnel, fortifications or territories.

Incendiary devices were frequently used as projectiles during warfare, particularly during sieges and naval battles; some substances were boiled or heated to inflict damage by scalding or burning. Other substances relied on their chemical properties to inflict burns or damage. These weapons or devices could be used by individuals, manipulated by war machines, or utilised as army strategy.

The simplest, and most common, thermal projectiles were boiling water and hot sand, which could be poured over attacking personnel. Other anti-personnel weapons included the use of hot pitch, oil, resin, animal fat and other similar compounds. Smoke was used to confuse or drive off attackers. Substances such as quicklime and sulfur could be toxic and blinding.

Fire and incendiary weapons were used against enemy structures and territory, as well as personnel, sometimes on a massive scale. Large tracts of land, towns and villages were frequently destroyed as part of a scorched earth strategy. Incendiary mixtures, such as the oil-based Greek fire, could be launched by throwing machines or administered through a siphon. Sulfur- and oil-soaked materials were sometimes ignited and thrown at the enemy, or attached to spears, arrows and bolts and fired by hand or machine. Some siege techniques, such as mining and boring relied on combustibles and fire to complete the collapse of walls and structures.

Towards the latter part of the period, gunpowder was discovered, which increased the sophistication of the weapons, and led to the eventual development of the cannon and other firearms. Development of the early weapons has continued ever since, with a number of modern war weapons, such as napalm, flame throwers, and other explosives having direct roots in the original early thermal weapons. Fire-raising and other destructive strategies can still be seen in modern strategic bombing.

Extra ordinary white whale | Save The whale

Awesome and Creative Book Sculptures

See what happens when talented artists use books as their artistic medium, the results are truly impressive…

Book Sculptures by Su Blackwell

Book Face Sculptures by Nicholas Galanin

Book Art by Georgia Russell


Book Autopsies by Brian Dettmer

Book Sculptures by Robert

Art of the Masters by Robert
Future of Books by Kyle Bean

World's Most Beautiful Transparent Animals

Here are the most Beautiful transparent animals, Nature sure butterflies is very interesting photos!

1. Transparent Frog
   
   
   
   Native to Venezuela, the Glass Frogs belong to the amphibian family Centrolenidae (order Anura). While the general background coloration of most glass frogs is primarily lime green, the abdominal skin of some members of this family is transparent, so that the heart, liver, and digestive tract are visible through their translucent skin. (Photo by Heidi and Hans-Jurgen Koch)
   
   
   
2. Transparent Head Fish
   
   
   
   This bizarre deep-water fish called the Barreleye (Macropinna microstoma) has a transparent head and tubular eyes. It has extremely light-sensitive eyes that can rotate within his transparent, fluid-filled shield on its head, while the fish's tubular eyes, well inside the head, are capped by bright green lenses. The eyes point upward (as shown here) when the fish is looking for food overhead. They point forward when the fish is feeding. The two spots above the fish's mouth are not eyes: those are olfactory organs called nares, which are analogous to human nostrils. (Photo by MBARI)
   
   
   
3. Transparent Butterfly
   
   
   
   Found in Central America, from Mexico to Panama, the Glasswing Butterfly (Greta Oto) is a brush-footed butterfly where its wings are transparent. The tissue between the veins of its wings looks like glass. (Photo by Hemmy)
   
   
   
4. Transparent Squid
   
   
   
   Found on the southern hemisphere's oceans, the Glass Squid (Teuthowenia pellucida) has light organs on its eyes and possesses the ability to roll into a ball, like an aquatic hedgehog. It is prey of many deep-sea fish (eg goblin sharks) as well as whales and oceanic seabirds. (Photo by Peter Batson)
   
   
   
5. Transparent Zebrafish created by scientists
   
   
   
   This see-through zebrafish was created in 2008 by scientists so they can study disease processes, including the spread of cancer. The transparent fish are allowing researchers at Children's Hospital Boston to directly view fish's internal organs and observe processes such as tumor growth in real-time in living organisms. (Photo by LS)
   
   
   
6. Transparent Icefish
   
   
   
   Fund in the cold waters around Antarctica and southern South America, the crocodile icefish (Channichthyidae) feed on krill, copepods, and other fish. Their blood is transparent because they have no hemoglobin and/or only defunct erythrocytes. Their metabolism relies only on the oxygen dissolved in the liquid blood, which is believed to be absorbed directly through the skin from the water. This works because water can dissolve the most oxygen when it is coldest. In five species, the gene for myoglobin in the muscles has also vanished, leaving them with white instead of pink hearts. (Photo by uwe kils)
   
   
   
7. Transparent Amphipod
   
   
   
   Called Phronima, this unusual animal is one of the many strange species recently found on an expedition to a deep-sea mountain range in the North Atlantic. In an ironic strategy for survival, this tiny shrimplike creature shows everything it has, inside and out, in an attempt to disappear. Many other small deep-sea creatures are transparent as well, or nearly so, to better camouflage themselves in their murky surroundings, scientists say. (Photo by David Shale)
   
   
   
8. Transparent Larval Shrimp
   
   
   
   Found in the in the waters around Hawaii, this transparent larval shrimp piggybacks on an equally see-through jellyfish. (Photo by Chris Newbert/Minden Pictures)
   
   
   
9. Transparent Salp
   
   
   
   This jellyfish-like animals known as Salps feed on small plants in the water called phytoplankton (marine algae). They are transparent, barrel-shaped animals that can range from one to 10cm in length. (Photo by DM)
   
   
   
10. Transparent Jellyfish
    
    
    
    Jellyfish are free-swimming members of the phylum Cnidaria. They are found in every ocean, from the surface to the deep sea. Many jellies are so transparent that they are almost impossible to see. The one above is from the Arctapodema genus, with a size of an inch-long (2.5-centimeter-long). (Photo by Bill Curtsinger)

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